刀身の名称と柄
The name of a blade and hilt
柄木は、刀身の茎(なかご)の形状に刳(く)り抜かれた2枚の朴(ほう)の木を続飯(そくい)で貼りあわせた物。柄木の補強と柄糸及び握り手の滑り止めの為、鮫皮が柄木全体に巻いてある。
略式〜後期型外装では、鮫皮が柄木の側面にしか貼られていない物がある。
鮫皮:
粒の大きい物・親粒付きが上等品。陸軍刀は生地のまま、海軍刀は黒漆を掛ける
経木: 薄皮状の木。鮫着柄の上下と柄糸の巻き始めに貼る。柄糸巻の割振り(菱割)を印す
目釘:
竹製。刀身の茎穴と柄の目釘穴を合わせてから差し込み、刀身と柄を固定する
※美観に優れた古来伝承の柄は、実戦で脆弱性を露呈した。柄を構成する部材(朴の木、鮫皮、竹の目釘、柄糸、接着材の続飯)は、日本刀々身茎(なかご=中心とも書き柄の中に収まる刀身部分)の一般的短さが、柄に大きな力学上の負担を掛けて、使用時の衝撃と水分による損傷が頻発した。これが三式軍刀に於ける柄(目釘の追加、柄糸巻変更・漆塗補強、長い刀身茎)の改変に繋がった。
士官軍刀を実戦に使うなら
※九五式軍刀の様な金属製の柄・目釘と刀身茎の長さが必要である。
士官軍刀論参照
A
hilt pastes together the magnolia of two sheets which carved the shape of the swod-tang with boiled rice paste.
The rayskin(Same-gawa)
is wound around the whole hilt for reinforcement the Tsuka-ito, and the hilt , and the skid of grip hand. By informality and second-half
type mounting, the rayskin is stuck only on the side of the hilt.
Rayskin: A grain is large and a thing with parents'
grain is an article of excellent quality. The rayskin of an army sword is still cloth. The rayskin of a navy sword applies black Japanese
lacquer.
Kyogi: Thin layer-like tree. It sticks for the upper and lower sides of a hilt and a Tsuka-ito winding, and beginning.
The standard of assignment is inscribed when rolling a Tsuka-ito.
Peg: Bamboo goods. It inserts, after uniting the peg-hole
of a tang, and the peg-hole of a hilt, and a blade and a hilt are fixed.
柄糸巻
Hilt binding styles(Tsukaito-maki)
陸軍刀: 諸捻巻(もろひねりまき) 海軍刀: 諸捻巻と平巻(ひらまき)が混在
Army: Morohinerimaki Navy: Morohinerimaki or
Hiramaki
軍刀柄 (九八式及び太刀型の例) Tsuka (Ex. Type 98 and Type Tachi)
外装名称と品位
A mounting name and grace
兜金固定・猿手受金具 親粒 鮫皮 目貫 経木 駐爪
Knot-loop
receptacle Oyatsubu Same-gawa Menuki
Kyogi Chuha(Clip)
刀身の名称
The name of a blade
茎尻 目釘穴 刃区(はまち) 地金
刃 刃紋 焼刃
横手 切先
Nakago-jiri Mekugi-ana Ha-machi
Jigane Ha
Hamon Yakiba
Yokote Kissaki
(Tang end) (Peg hole)
(Lower blade surface) (Edge)
(Tenpered line) (Tenpered edge)
(Point)
鑢目(やすりめ) ハバキ 棟(むね)
鎬地(しのぎぢ) 鎬(しのぎ)
Yasuri-me Habaki
Mune Shinogi-ji
Shinogi
小鎬(こしのぎ)
(File mark) (collar)
(Back edge)) (Upper blade surface) (Ridge line) Ko-shinogi
茎(なかご)
刃長 反り
Nakago 棟区(むねまち) Hachō Sori
(Tang) Munemachi (Blade
length) (max curve)
銘 裏銘 太刀銘
Mei (Signature) Ura-mei Tachi-mei
刀には「刀」と「太刀」の二種類がある。写真で手前に刀匠銘が切ってあるのが「太刀銘」。反対に切ってあるのが「銘」。それぞれの銘の反対には製作日等が切られて「裏銘」という。
There
are two kinds of swords, a "sword" and a "Tachi." It is a "Tachi-Mei" although the swordsmith Mei is minced to the front with
the photograph. It is called "Mei" to have cut fine reversely of this photograph. Therefore, the blade which has minced the "Mei"
is a "sword=Katana " and the blade which has minced the "Tachi-Mei" is a "Tachi-sword=Tachi."
The manufacture time etc. by the
side of opposite of a Mei is called a "Ura(back) Mei."
刀と太刀
A Tachi and a Katana
太刀: 刃を下に向けて、帶取り紐で腰に水平に吊った。馬上で太刀が抜き易い為である。一旦抜刀してから敵に斬りつけるという二段階の動作になる。
打刀: 室町時代、徒歩戦に移行して、刃を上にして腰帯に差し、敵を抜きざまに切る事が出来る一段階の動作となった。この動作の方式から「打ち刀」という。腰帯に斜めに差して拵えが固定されるので、刀を抜き易くする為に、太刀に比べて刀身は短くなった。
刀の表示には作法があり、上掲写真の置き方を普通とする。夫々手前に見えている側が「太刀・刀」の表になる。
Tachi: The
form of the old sword from the Heian period to the Muromachi period. The Tachi turned the edge downward and hung it at a level with
a hip girdle with the belt picking string(Obitori). It is easy to draw a Tachi on horseriding. Once it draw a sword, it becomes
two steps of operation of cutting to an enemy.
Uchigatana: It shifted to the Muromachi period and an on foot game, and the edge was
turned up, and it put to the hip girdle, and became one step of operation which cut while drawing an enemy. The name of "Uchigatana"
was named by the method of this operation. All the swords of the Edo period are Uchigatana-mountings.
Since a Uchigatana-mounting
is aslant put between the waist-belt, a blade is short compared with a Tachi.
Wakizashi: Blade length is a short sword of 60cm or
less. The townspeople were able to carry the Wakizashi at the Edo period.
The display of a Japanese sword has formal manners.
How to place the photograph published upwards is formal.
The side which is visible to the front, respectively is the surface
of "a Tachi and a Katana.
海軍刀柄巻鮫皮は黒漆塗
The rayskin of the hilt of a navy sword applies black Japanese lacquer.
九四・九八式:諸捻巻が標準 太刀型:平巻(海軍刀は平巻が多い)
Type 94,98: Morohinerimaki is
a standard Type Tachi: There is much Hiramaki
九八式:一貫巻(希少) 三式:一貫巻(漆塗)が標準
Type 98: Ikkanmaki is rare Type
3: Ikkanmaki is a standard